Many aquatic invertebrates live a remarkable double life. For example, sensitive ”clean water” mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies spend most of their lives underwater before emerging as winged adults. That means they need more than just clean water—they also rely on emergent rocks, logs and streamside forest to rest, mate and lay eggs. Healthy streams and healthy riparian margins go hand in hand. That’s why tree planting is such an important component of river restoration.

 Thanks to Derek Gerber and Saskia Brown for videography, and to Julia Palmer for photographs of the adult invertebrates.